1)
Piaget’s Stages of Human Development
There are several good things about Piaget
stages of human development. The first stage began at birth and last to 2 years
of age. It is defined as the sensorimotor development; it starts out when a
child organizes physical action schemes for dealing with the immediate world.
In the infant stage they have been shown to be capable of imitating actions
that they have observed and not practiced.
2)
Early Object Manipulation and Tool Use in
Typically Development Children During the Sensorimotor Period of Development
(Birth to 2 Years)
Infants are also able to remember, after a
short delay, where are have been placed.They are less than 9 months of age. The
importance of observational learning prevents us from saying that development
is not occurring. From the point of view of assistive technology systems, the
early manipulation of objects and the use of tools are important.
3)
Characteristics of the Preoperational Child That Influence Assistive Technology Use
These characteristics are all positive. The
symbolic representation is defined as augmentative communication which is the
use of language concepts in control of devices. Sequencing is also important
because it deals with multiple symbol communication, centration is when a child
can focus on colors, size and shapes. Animism is giving assistive devices a
personality with names and play equals reality means making use of play
routines to accomplish functional goals.
4)
Early Development of Language
This is an important aspect in a childs life.
It begins at the age of 1 or 2 months when an infant can know the difference
speech and nonspeech sounds. Infants show an interest in sounds and respond to
voices between the ages of 3 and 6 months old. The next 3 to 6 months are known
as babbling and the first vocalization begins when a child is 10 to 15 months
old.
5)
Early Communicative Intents With Discourse
Functions
This stage was confusing but it has several
characterizations to it. Instrumental is known as I want, regulatory is defined
as Do as I tell you, Interactional is Me and you, personal is defined as Here I
come, Heuristic is Tell me why, imaginative is let’s pretend and informative is
I have got something for you. It is
generally believed that a skill in language use is developed through practice.
6)
Reaction Times Related to Stages of Human
Processing
The delay of sensory receptor is 1 to 38;neural
transmission to CNS is 2-100;cognitive processing delays(CNS) is 70-300; neural
transmission to muscle is 10-30; muscle latency and activation time is 30-70
with the total delaying process is 113-528 meaning it can increase
performances.
7)
Effector Characteristics
Effectors can be characterized in several ways,
resolution, range, strength, and flexibility. Resolution is defining the degree
of fine control and it describes the smallest separation of two objects. Range
is the maximal intent while strength is upper and lower extremities for example paralysis is resulting from a
spinal cord injury. Examples of all the above would be fingers high is the
resolution, small is the range, strength is the low and versatility is very
high. Endurance would also best describe this as the ability of an individual
to sustain a force.
8)
Motions and Functions Available at Different
Levels of Spinal Cord Injury
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