Saturday, February 7, 2015

Ch.3 Assignment


 

1)      Piaget’s Stages of Human Development

There are several good things about Piaget stages of human development. The first stage began at birth and last to 2 years of age. It is defined as the sensorimotor development; it starts out when a child organizes physical action schemes for dealing with the immediate world. In the infant stage they have been shown to be capable of imitating actions that they have observed and not practiced.

2)      Early Object Manipulation and Tool Use in Typically Development Children During the Sensorimotor Period of Development (Birth to 2 Years)

Infants are also able to remember, after a short delay, where are have been placed.They are less than 9 months of age. The importance of observational learning prevents us from saying that development is not occurring. From the point of view of assistive technology systems, the early manipulation of objects and the use of tools are important.

3)      Characteristics of the Preoperational  Child That Influence Assistive Technology Use

These characteristics are all positive. The symbolic representation is defined as augmentative communication which is the use of language concepts in control of devices. Sequencing is also important because it deals with multiple symbol communication, centration is when a child can focus on colors, size and shapes. Animism is giving assistive devices a personality with names and play equals reality means making use of play routines to accomplish functional goals.

4)      Early Development of Language

This is an important aspect in a childs life. It begins at the age of 1 or 2 months when an infant can know the difference speech and nonspeech sounds. Infants show an interest in sounds and respond to voices between the ages of 3 and 6 months old. The next 3 to 6 months are known as babbling and the first vocalization begins when a child is 10 to 15 months old.

5)      Early Communicative Intents With Discourse Functions

This stage was confusing but it has several characterizations to it. Instrumental is known as I want, regulatory is defined as Do as I tell you, Interactional is Me and you, personal is defined as Here I come, Heuristic is Tell me why, imaginative is let’s pretend and informative is  I have got something for you. It is generally believed that a skill in language use is developed through practice.

6)      Reaction Times Related to Stages of Human Processing

The delay of sensory receptor is 1 to 38;neural transmission to CNS is 2-100;cognitive processing delays(CNS) is 70-300; neural transmission to muscle is 10-30; muscle latency and activation time is 30-70 with the total delaying process is 113-528 meaning it can increase performances.

7)      Effector Characteristics

Effectors can be characterized in several ways, resolution, range, strength, and flexibility. Resolution is defining the degree of fine control and it describes the smallest separation of two objects. Range is the maximal intent while strength is upper and lower extremities  for example paralysis is resulting from a spinal cord injury. Examples of all the above would be fingers high is the resolution, small is the range, strength is the low and versatility is very high. Endurance would also best describe this as the ability of an individual to sustain a force.  

8)      Motions and Functions Available at Different Levels of Spinal Cord Injury

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